Essay about Psychology Classical Conditioning - 1146 Words

BEHAVIORISM Classical conditioning is a type of learning through which an organism learns to associate one stimulus with another. It can also be known as respondent conditioning. The stimulus is any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds. The components of classical conditioning are as follows: Unconditioned response (UR) which is a response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning. Unconditioned Stimulus (US) which elicits a specific unconditioned response without prior learning. Conditioned Stimulus (CS) which is a neutral stimulus that after repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus becomes associated with it and elicits a conditioned response. Conditioned response (CR) which†¦show more content†¦This was something that he spent the rest of his life studying. This type of learning became known as classical conditioning. Next we will look at Watson. Watson coined the term behaviorism. This means it is referring to the school of thought that proposed limiting psychology to the study to overtly operable behavior. He and his assistant conducted a study that proved fear could be classically conditioned. He used a toddler to perform these experiments. In doing so, his testing has causes the American Psychological Association to have new standards in place to watch the safety of humans and animals alike when participating in experiments. Watson’s studies and research are utilized today in some therapies that help unlearn phobias. He also concluded that over a person’s lifetime, their fears will persist and modify. Edward Thorndike is another contributor to the world of psychology. He had formulated several laws of earning. Thorndike believed and after experimenting stated that most learning occurs thru trial and error. The law of effect is the most important that he states. This is saying that when one knows the consequence or what the effect will be of a certain response, then the r eaction would be either strengthened or weakened. So if the outcome is known, the actions prior will be more thought out. This law, and its explanation paved the way for B.F. Skinners work in operant conditioning. The law of effectShow MoreRelatedEssay on Psychology: Intelligence and Classical Conditioning2281 Words   |  10 PagesChapter 1-4 Psychology 1) Nerves are composed of many- neurons. 2) In which field of study do researchers attempt to identify the effects of heredity on psychological characteristics? -behavioral genetics 3) The term perception correctly applies to which of the following situations? -You must decide how far your car is from an object in the road. 4) Mary is undergoing treatment for the muscular tension that causes her to experience migraine headaches. Every week, Mary is hookedRead MoreClassical And Operant Conditioning And The Field Of Psychology997 Words   |  4 PagesHow have studies of classical and operant conditioning contributed to the field of psychology? In this essay I will outline the main principles of both operant and classical conditioning methods and discuss what both theories have contributed to the field of psychology and what they have taught us about the way in which some human behaviour occurs. Classical conditioning, also known as Pavlovian conditioning (Davis, S. F., Buskist, W. (2008). 21st century psychology: a reference handbook PageRead MoreClassical or Operant Conditioning Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesClassical conditioning developed from the findings of Ivan Pavlov, laying the foundations for behaviourism. From this J.B Watson and other behaviourists argued psychology should be indicative of predicting and controlling overt behaviour using the conditional reflex. (Watson, 1994). 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Conditioning is the acquisition of specific patterns of behavior in the presence of well-defined stimuli. Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which an organism learns to transfer a natural response from one stimulus to another, previously neutral stimulus. Classical conditioning is achieved by manipulating reflexes. Operant conditioning is a type ofRead MoreJohn B. Watson s Theory Of Psychology1048 Words   |  5 Pagestheories, publications, and experiments had an enduring influence on psychology. Possibly his biggest contributions to psychology were his theory of behaviorism and his experiment on Little Albert. Though Watson’s experiments were extremely unethical and behaviorism doesn’t account for biological psychology, Watson was an extremely remarkable psychologist because of his principal of behaviorism and his findings on classical conditioning. Background John Broadus Watson was born on January 8, 1878 in TravelersRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning And Behaviorism753 Words   |  4 Pagesin Psychology, which was rooted by quite an accidental experiment of how dog salivate before and after conditioning. His fundamental study was based on digestion and behaviors that are evoked during an event and an anticipate response. Yet, his experiment awoke the twentieth century by a different type of learning called Classical conditioning, which is a compulsory or unconditional type of learning from one stimulus to another through a response. The master of classical conditioning